Introduction At the end of 2019, Wuhan, a city in China with a population of about 11 million,
witnessed the outbreak of unusual pneumonia. As of 29 March 2020, the disease has …

The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had
devastating effects on the global health and economic system. The cellular and molecular …

An unprecedented global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2
has created a severe healthcare threat and become one of the biggest challenges to human …

The introduction of vaccines has inspired hope in the battle against SARS-CoV-2. However,
the emergence of viral variants, in the absence of potent antivirals, has left the world …

Studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected
patients and experimentally infected animals indicate a critical role for augmented …

The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies and the differences in host response
characterizing this variation have not been fully elucidated. COVID-19 disease severity …

Millions of people are suffering from Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19
(PASC). Several biological factors have emerged as potential drivers of PASC pathology …

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia,
exhausted lymphocytes and a cytokine storm. Significant antibody production is observed; …

The pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented threat to global public health.
However, the interplay between the viral pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and host …

Viral pandemics, such as the one caused by SARS-CoV-2, pose an imminent threat to
humanity. Because of its recent emergence, there is a paucity of information regarding viral …