No crowds, no home advantage in football during the COVID-19 season: Are crowds able to manipulate all but the best referees' behaviour?
This study confirmed that without crowds there was no home advantage in association
football during the COVID-19 2020-21 season. Consequently, we sort to answer the obvious …
football during the COVID-19 2020-21 season. Consequently, we sort to answer the obvious …
The impact of social pressure of differing audience size on referees and team performances from a North American perspective
DZ Szabó - 2021 - unipub.lib.uni-corvinus.hu
The COVID-19 pandemic provides a natural experiment to comprehensively test the effect of
crowds on both referees and players. Our aim is to examine this from a North-American …
crowds on both referees and players. Our aim is to examine this from a North-American …
No fans–no pressure: referees in professional football during the COVID-19 pandemic
MC Leitner, F Richlan - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2021 - frontiersin.org
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, European elite football (aka soccer) leagues played the
remaining season 2019/20 without or strongly limited attendance of supporters (ie,“ghost …
remaining season 2019/20 without or strongly limited attendance of supporters (ie,“ghost …
How does spectator presence affect football? Home advantage remains in European top-class football matches played without spectators during the COVID-19 …
The present paper investigates factors contributing to the home advantage, by using the
exceptional opportunity to study professional football matches played in the absence of …
exceptional opportunity to study professional football matches played in the absence of …
The role of crowd support on home advantage during COVID-19 restrictions on Italian football competitions. Comparison between 2018–19 and 2020–21 seasons of …
The home advantage (HA) affects football competitions, especially due to the presence of
crowd support. Even though several studies demonstrated that HA (which is influenced by …
crowd support. Even though several studies demonstrated that HA (which is influenced by …
How does the crowd affect home field advantage? Evidence from COVID affected seasons in the Top 5 European soccer leagues.
A Hopkins - 2022 - digitalcommons.macalester.edu
It is well documented that home field advantage is a significant determinant of team success.
The specific mechanism of this advantage is difficult to identify. Is it players' superior …
The specific mechanism of this advantage is difficult to identify. Is it players' superior …
No more advantage for the home team: Refereeing without social pressure in European elite football during the COVID-19 pandemic. Draft version 3 30-03-2021
MC Leitner, F Richlan - 2020 - osf.io
Introduction. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, European elite football (soccer) leagues
played the remaining season 2019/20 without or strongly limited attendance of supporters …
played the remaining season 2019/20 without or strongly limited attendance of supporters …
The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on professional sports, notably, forcing the
National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an …
National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an …
The effect of the crowd on home bias: Evidence from NBA games during the COVID-19 pandemic
H Gong - Journal of Sports Economics, 2022 - journals.sagepub.com
The present study examines a specific type of referee biases, home bias, and analyzes how
the presence of fans affects home bias by using NBA games played in empty arenas during …
the presence of fans affects home bias by using NBA games played in empty arenas during …
[HTML][HTML] The impact of differing audience sizes on referees and team performance from a North American perspective
DZ Szabó - Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2022 - Elsevier
The COVID-19 pandemic provides a natural experimental framework to comprehensively
test the effect of crowds on both referees and players. We examine this from a North …
test the effect of crowds on both referees and players. We examine this from a North …