Global warming is a serious problem presently faced by human society, and CO 2 is a major
concern as a greenhouse gas (GHG), especially as the amount of atmospheric CO 2 has …

This study focuses on the cluster primary-route secondary approach to solve the multi-
objective open green vehicle routing problem under a sustainable environment. An open …

The concept of green logistics stems from green economic concepts which are inherently
driven by the environmental sustainability challenges. In this work, measures of carbon …

Road freight transport is one of the sectors with the highest greenhouse gas emissions and
fuel consumption in the logistics industry. In recent years, due to the increase in carbon …

Nowadays, an increasing number of vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands
(VRPSD) models have been studied to meet realistic needs in the field of logistics. In this …

Suffering from environmental distress like carbon emissions, traffic restrictions have been
enforced extensively in distribution logistics. Reasonable arrangement of urban freight …

Freight transport has an important impact on urban welfare. It is estimated to be responsible
for 25% of CO2 emissions and up to 50% of particles matters generated by the transport …

Road transportation is a big contributor to the existing CO2 emissions, among other
greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants. The amount of emitted pollutants by a vehicle …

To develop a non-polluting and sustainable city, urban administrators encourage logistics
companies to use electric vehicles instead of conventional (ie, fuel-based) vehicles for …

This research studies the capacitated green vehicle routing problem (CGVRP), which is an
extension of the green vehicle routing problem (GVRP), characterized by the purpose of …