A growing body of research has examined the impact of childhood adversity on neural
structure and function. Advances in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental …

Over the past decade, a growing area of research has focused on adverse childhood
experiences (ACEs) and their impacts on neural and developmental outcomes. Work in the …

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's
nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing …

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

It is now widely recognized that children exposed to adverse life events in the first years of
life are at increased risk for a variety of neural, behavioral, and psychological sequelae. As …

Two extant frameworks–the harshness-unpredictability model and the threat-deprivation
model–attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on …

The number of children under 18 years of age has increased worldwide over the past
decade. This growth spurt is due, in part, to remarkable progress in child survival. Alas …

Children exposed to various forms of adversity early in life are at increased risk for a broad
range of developmental difficulties, affecting both cognitive and emotional adjustment. We …

Highlights•Poverty and childhood adversity are associated with decrements in educational
success.•Current neurobiological models for these effects are limited.•We provide an …

In this chapter, I will first describe a general model in which the reactivity and regulation of
stress physiology serves as a common pathway through which many aspects of early …