BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with an enormous societal burden
in terms of cost and morbidity and mortality. Natriuretic peptide (NP) testing is now widely …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with an enormous societal burden in terms of cost,
morbidity, and mortality. Natriuretic peptide testing is now widely used to support diagnosis …

BACKGROUND Until recently, biomarker testing in heart failure (HF) syndromes has been
viewed as an elective supplement to diagnostic evaluation of patients suspected to suffer …

The current standard treatment of chronic heart failure (HF) is based on clinical judgment,
with the goal of achieving the maximally tolerated therapeutic program. The complexity of …

New biomarkers are being evaluated for their ability to advance the management of patients
with heart failure. Despite a large pool of interesting candidate biomarkers, besides …

The recent explosion of scientific knowledge and technological progress has led to the
discovery of a large array of circulating molecules commonly referred to as biomarkers …

Although heart failure (HF) remains a fundamentally clinical diagnosis, substantial advances
in the understanding of the underlying biology and pathophysiology of this syndrome has …

Cardiac biomarkers are very important in diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of
patients with heart failure. Although not meeting all criteria for an ideal biomarker, natriuretic …

Heart failure is a complex disease in which a careful clinical examination and the
measurement of cardiac function may not always be sufficient for making a correct …

Heart failure (HF) has proven to be a major burden on the health system. The continuing
prevalence of the condition and its rising associated costs and care, has amplified the need …