The re-imaging began as an economic development strategy and expanded to include a
physical plan, in part because economic development takes place in real space. The …

Detractors have called it" The Mistake on the Lake." It was once America's" Comeback City."
According to author J. Mark Souther, Cleveland has long sought to defeat its perceived civic …

Cleveland (OH) boomed as an economic powerhouse in the late 19th century. John D.
Rockefeller chose the city to establish the Standard Oil Company in 1870, developing an …

Cleveland is an American city quintessentially founded upon change. From its birth to the
present, Cleveland has consistently built and reshaped its appearance, ideals, and industry …

ISBN: 0812219686 Howard Gillette Jr. offers us an often fascinating account of how city and
state governments have attempted to manage decline. Gillette uses the apt metaphor of …

It was the dawn of the 20th century, and Cleveland, Ohio, the nation's sixth largest city, was
on a roll. Featuring a magnificent downtown with skyscrapers and classic public buildings, a …

This chapter describes the implementation of Cleveland's Supplemental Empowerment
Zone (SEZ) begun in 1994. Building on the city's legacy of equity planning and the strengths …

Abstract The city of East Cleveland, a first-ring suburb on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio,
has an estimated population of 17,000. The city was once a thriving bedroom community of …

With the 2010 census tallied, Cleveland officially hit a 100-year low for population. The
community sprang into action without fully understanding the reasons for decline. The goal …

Milestones 71 pilot “urban renewal” project to demonstrate how “an area of old, rapidly
depreciating, substandard dwellings” could be transformed into “a good neighborhood …