Following the identification on an international basis of cyberspace as a new 'domain of
warfare', it has become widely (though not fully) accepted that the traditional rules of …

Purpose–The increasing number of cyber attacks has transformed the “cyberspace” into a
“battlefield”, bringing out “cyber warfare” as the “fifth dimension of war” and emphasizing the …

The most significant debate regarding the applicability of international humanitarian law to
cyber operations involves interpretation of the rules governing cyber “attacks”, as that term is …

This policy brief offers a comparative analysis of the positions of seven States on how
international law applies to cyber operations. The scope of analysis is limited to peacetime …

State and non-state actors are using international cyber-attacks with an increasing
frequency and magnitude, causing new levels of damage and disruption. Despite this …

Abstract Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations
examines the application of extant international law principles and rules to cyber activities …

With the development of information and network technologies and the growing
interconnectedness of the world, the risks connected to online communication have become …

The evolution of the Internet and digital systems is making it increasingly difficult to
understand cyber attacks. Politicians, ethicists, lawyers, business owners and other …

What, exactly, is 'national cyber security'? There is little question that the advent of the
internet is having a decisive influence on how national security is being defined. Nations are …

Whilst Article 51 of the UN Charter as a rule indicates that an “armed attack” may trigger a
State's right of self-defense, the actual purport of armed attack remains a matter of …