Objectives: The causative agent for coronavirus disease 2019, severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2, appears exceptional in its virulence and immunopathology. In …

Objectives: Our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 is
evolving; however, a “cytokine storm” has been implicated. Ongoing clinical trials are …

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic or mild …

Taking into consideration the multisystemic clinical and autopsy findings in “severe”
coronavirus disease 2019 patients, viral sepsis would be a more accurate term to describe …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless
infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Coronavirus disease …

Great efforts are being made worldwide to identify the specific clinical characteristics of
infected critically ill patients that mediate the associated pathogenesis, including vascular …

The description of a so-called cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 has prompted
consideration of anti-cytokine therapies, particularly interleukin-6 antagonists. However …

Introduction: The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently driven by
an injurious immune response characterized by the development of acute respiratory …

Background Cytokine storm is a marker of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness
severity and increased mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments have been repurposed to …

Clinical evidence indicates that the fatal outcome observed with severe acute respiratory
syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection often results from alveolar injury that impedes airway …