Methods Our study design was cross-sectional in nature. We searched the Canadian
Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) to compile a list of medical schools that offer …

This paper by Hernandez and colleagues 1 is an excellent summary of cardiothoracic
surgery funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute, and …

In this issue of Annals of Surgery, Blumenthal et al 1 used data from Doximity to investigate
sex differences in faculty rank among academic surgeons in the United States in 2014. It …

Introduction Despite the increasing number of female surgeons in general surgery
programs, women are still inadequately represented in leadership positions. This study aims …

I recall an interview day at a prestigious cardiothoracic surgery fellowship program, where I
sat in a large room with many other applicants and watched the usual PowerPoint …

Despite increasing gender parity in the pipeline involving both medical school matriculants
and surgical training programs, the so-called 'glass ceiling'of academic advancement and …

Background Recent years have shown a promising increase in women constituting the
cardiothoracic (CT) surgery workforce and training positions. It remains unclear whether …

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery editorial office mistook me for a woman because of my first
name. Instead, perhaps it was because I teach in a cardiothoracic surgical training program …

Gender inequality persists in surgery with women holding only 26% of faculty and 6.3% of
chair positions despite having 41% of surgery residency positions in 2018 to 2019. 1 This …

Women have played an important role in medical history for centuries. The first surgical
procedure involving a woman occurred over 5000 years ago [1]. Before the 1970s, medical …