Stress is defined as a state of threatened homeodynamic balance by a wide range of
intrinsic or extrinsic, real or perceived challenges or stimuli, defined as stressors. To …

Stress exposure is highly prevalent in the general population; however, the experience of
stress during vulnerable periods of development has substantial and permanent effects on …

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Stress is natural and belongs to life itself. To
sustain it and even grow with it biology invented different mechanisms, since stress …

Life exists by maintaining a complex dynamic equilibrium, or homeostasis, that is constantly
challenged by intrinsic or extrinsic adverse forces or stressors.'Stress, a term borrowed from …

Experience of early life stress (ELS) and trauma is highly prevalent in the general population
and has a high public health impact, as it can trigger a health-related risk cascade and lead …

The stress system orchestrates body and brain responses to the environment. This action
exerted by the mediators of the stress system has two modes of operation. The immediate …

In normal life, organisms are repeatedly exposed to brief periods of stress, most of which can
be controlled and adequately dealt with. The presently available data indicate that such brief …

Throughout life organisms are challenged with various physiological and psychological
stressors, and the ability to handle these stressors can have profound effects on the overall …

Environmental events, both physical and emotional, can produce stress reactions to widely
varying degrees. Stress can affect many aspects of physiology, and levels of stress …

The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is
threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral …