[HTML][HTML] The impact of differing audience sizes on referees and team performance from a North American perspective
DZ Szabó - Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2022 - Elsevier
The COVID-19 pandemic provides a natural experimental framework to comprehensively
test the effect of crowds on both referees and players. We examine this from a North …
test the effect of crowds on both referees and players. We examine this from a North …
The effect of the crowd on home bias: Evidence from NBA games during the COVID-19 pandemic
H Gong - Journal of Sports Economics, 2022 - journals.sagepub.com
The present study examines a specific type of referee biases, home bias, and analyzes how
the presence of fans affects home bias by using NBA games played in empty arenas during …
the presence of fans affects home bias by using NBA games played in empty arenas during …
The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on professional sports, notably, forcing the
National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an …
National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an …
The silence of the fans: The impact of restricted crowds on the margin of victory in the NBA
H Steinfeldt, S Dallmeyer, C Breuer - International Journal of Sport …, 2022 - muse.jhu.edu
This study investigates the impact of restricted crowds caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
on the margin of victory of games in the NBA. Using 12,500 game-level observations from 11 …
on the margin of victory of games in the NBA. Using 12,500 game-level observations from 11 …
No crowds, no home advantage in football during the COVID-19 season: Are crowds able to manipulate all but the best referees' behaviour?
This study confirmed that without crowds there was no home advantage in association
football during the COVID-19 2020-21 season. Consequently, we sort to answer the obvious …
football during the COVID-19 2020-21 season. Consequently, we sort to answer the obvious …
Home advantage and crowd attendance: evidence from rugby during the Covid 19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all professional and amateur sports to be played
without attending crowds. Thus, it induced a large-scale natural experiment on the impact of …
without attending crowds. Thus, it induced a large-scale natural experiment on the impact of …
[PDF][PDF] Animal Spirits in the Beautiful Game. Testing social pressure in professional football during the COVID-19 lockdown
C Cueva - 2020 - ua.es
The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all professional football matches worlwide to be
played in empty stadiums. This large-scale natural experiment offers a unique opportunity to …
played in empty stadiums. This large-scale natural experiment offers a unique opportunity to …
Home advantage and crowd attendance: Evidence from rugby during the Covid 19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic forced almost all professional and amateur sports to be played
without attending crowds. Thus, it induced a large-scale natural experiment on the impact of …
without attending crowds. Thus, it induced a large-scale natural experiment on the impact of …
Does the crowd matter in refereeing decisions? Evidence from Spanish soccer
AJ Picazo-Tadeo, F González-Gómez… - International Journal of …, 2017 - Taylor & Francis
This paper analyses referee home bias with data from the First Division of the Spanish
Football League between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. The aim is to assess the …
Football League between the 2002/03 and 2009/10 seasons. The aim is to assess the …
Home is where the hustle is: The influence of crowds on effort and home advantage in the National Basketball Association
Studies have consistently shown crowds contribute to home advantage in the National
Basketball Association (NBA) by inspiring home team effort, distracting opponents, and …
Basketball Association (NBA) by inspiring home team effort, distracting opponents, and …