Third generation fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) will introduce wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
technology to increase data rates up to 40 Gbit/s, as well as coexist with current …

Considering the exponential traffic growth in access networks, this paper focuses on the four-
level pulse amplitude (PAM-4) modulated wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical …

Nowadays, multimedia technology has led to broadband services such as the delivery of
data, voice, and video or multiple-play services. PONs (Passive Optical Networks) gives …

The present paper aims to determine the best performing setup of 16-channel dense
wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON) employing two …

5G requirements include high-speed mobile communication networks, low latency, and high-
capacity links. Need development construction of the transport architecture both in mobile …

The exponential growth of high-speed broadband services, an increase in the number of
end-users, high bandwidth, and massive data rate demand innovative and emerging points …

In this paper, a simple bidirectional Time Wavelength Division Multiplexed-Passive Optical
Network (TWDM-PON) system is designed, simulated and optimized. A remarkable system …

Wavelength‐division‐multiplexing passive‐optical‐network (WDM‐PON) has been
recognized as a promising solution of the “last mile” access as well as multibroadband data …

Addressing the significant interest in 5G enabling technologies, this paper aims to evaluate
the performance-affecting factors in the converged passive optical network that is utilized for …

Access networks must further advance to address the intensification of the requirements of
growing speeds and the usage of Internet applications, and time and wavelength division …