Simple Summary Several lab studies have shown that pesticides are causing sublethal
effects on bees; however, little is known about their impact in actual field conditions …

Automatic monitoring devices placed at the entrances of honey bee hives have facilitated
the detection of various sublethal effects related to pesticide exposure, such as homing …

The development of insecticides requires valid risk assessment procedures to avoid causing
harm to beneficial insects and especially to pollinators such as the honeybee Apis mellifera …

Bumblebees carry out the complex task of foraging to provide for their colonies. They also
conduct pollination, an ecosystem service of high importance to both wild plants and …

Bombus terrestris bumblebees are important pollinators of wild flowers, and in modern
agriculture they are used to guarantee pollination of vegetables and fruits. In the field it is …

Insects play a very important role in agriculture: while pests have a negative influence on the
yield, beneficial insects are indispensable for pollinating purposes. Because of this …

Neonicotinoids are widely-used pesticides implicated in the decline of bees, known to have
sub-lethal effects on bees' foraging and colony performance. One proposed mechanism for …

Losses of foraging bees are sometimes attributed to altered flight pattern between a
meliferous plant treated with an insecticide and the hive. Only a limited number of studies …

Abstract Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables the
analysis of complex multivariate data. ML has significant potential in risk assessments of non …

__________________________________… Abstract. Beginning in 2006, beekeepers on
the east coast of the United States began to report severe declines in their honeybee …