The present paper investigates factors contributing to the home advantage, by using the
exceptional opportunity to study professional football matches played in the absence of …

This study aimed to examine how the home advantage (HA) and home teams' performances
changed in European football leagues (German Bundesliga, Spanish La Liga, English …

The main factors for home advantage (HA), quantified by the number of points won at home
expressed as a percentage of all points, are believed to be crowd support, territoriality …

The home advantage and unconscious referee bias are two well-documented phenomena
in professional sports, especially in association football. Among the various factors …

The presence of spectators in sport is considered a factor that leads to home advantage
(HA). The objective of this research was to analyse the difference of wins, points and goals …

The fans' importance in sports is acknowledged by the term 'the 12th man', a figurative extra
player for the home team. Sport teams are indeed more successful when they play in front of …

The home advantage (HA) is a robust phenomenon in football whereby the home team wins
more games and scores more goals than the away team. One explanation is that the home …

Due to restrictions against the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were not allowed to attend
soccer matches at the end of the 2019/2020 season. Previous studies suggest that the …

Covid-19 pandemic forced, at the final rounds of 2019–2020 season, in many different sport
leagues worldwide, teams to play without an audience. Therefore, the present paper aims to …

This paper examines the relation between crowd support and home advantage in men's
professional football in making use of a unique “natural experiment” induced by restrictions …