Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognition molecules for multiple pathogens, including
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. TLR2 forms heterodimers with TLR1 and TLR6, which …

Cells expressing Toll-like receptor (TLR), TLR2 in association with TLR1, TLR6 or some
other unknown co-receptor can respond upon interaction with a large variety of microbial …

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family plays an instructive role in innate immune responses
against microbial pathogens, as well as the subsequent induction of adaptive immune …

Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
They are highly conserved receptors that recognize conserved pathogen‐associated …

The mammalian Toll‐like receptor (TLR) family consists of 13 members, and recognizes
specific patterns of microbial components, called pathogen‐associated molecular patterns …

The innate immune system plays an essential role in the host defense against infections by
initially sensing and recognizing diverse microbial pathogens and directing adaptive …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a major group of transmembrane receptors that are involved
in the detection of invading pathogens. Double-stranded RNA is a marker for viral infection …

During an infection, one of the principal challenges for the host is to detect the pathogen and
activate a rapid defensive response. The Toll-like family of receptors (TLRs), among other …

The innate immune system is the primary line of defence against invading pathogenic
microbes. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a family of membrane receptors which play a pivotal …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition
receptors that play an important role in protective immunity against infection and …