Background Innate and adaptive immune responses have been evaluated in infected
patients with COVID-19. The severity of the disease has been supposed to be associated …

Objective To delineate the characteristics and clinical significance of plasma inflammatory
cytokines altered in COVID-19. Design Retrospective, single-centre cohort study. Setting …

Background: Deficient interferon responses have been proposed as one of the relevant
mechanisms prompting severe manifestations of COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate the …

Objectives The coordinated immune response of the host is the key of the successful combat
of the body against SARS-CoV-2 infection and is decisive for the development and …

Background and aims COVID 19 pneumonia commonly leads to ARDS. The occurrence of
ARDS in COVID 19 patients is thought to occur secondary to an exaggerated immunologic …

Purpose Cytokine storm, an uncontrolled overproduction of inflammatory cytokines
contributing to an aberrant systemic inflammatory response, is a major pathological feature …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) is a life-threatening infection with uncertain
progression and outcome. Assessing the severity of the disease for worsening patients is of …

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it has rapidly
spread across many other countries. While the majority of patients were considered mild …

Critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are associated with a high risk of
mortality. It remains unclear why patients with the same critical condition have different …

Background The effectual immune response is crucial to defeat viral infections. However,
exuberant immune response with features of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) lead …