We investigated the influence of gender and parental status on employment decisions. The
shifting standards model predicts that parenthood polarizes judgments of women and men …

Results of 2 experimental studies in which job incumbents were said to be applying for
promotions to traditionally male positions demonstrated bias against mothers in competence …

The effects of gender, marital, and parental status on judgments of applicants for a blue-
collar job were examined. One hundred eighteen undergraduates (72 males, 46 females) at …

We present evidence that many of the disadvantaging effects that motherhood has on
women's workplace outcomes derive from the devalued social status attached to the task of …

Although balancing work and family commitments is a significant source of strain for working
parents, working mothers in traditionally male positions face additional anxiety due to …

Survey research finds that mothers suffer a substantial wage penalty, although the causal
mechanism producing it remains elusive. The authors employed a laboratory experiment to …

Three studies documented effects of marital status on perceptions of employees or
prospective employees. In Experiment 1, participants rated a married female job applicant …

We examined whether maternal gender-role ideologies and role satisfaction influence
daughters' vocational interests. 152 female undergraduate students (M age= 18.7 years) …

This study investigates how several dimensions of gender, including an individual's sex,
gender ideology, and the gender composition of an occupation, influence the …

Gender gaps in achieved rank and salary, common indicators of objective success, often are
attributed to the different family roles and responsibilities of men and women. This study …