While geographers and ecologists are well aware of the scale effects of landscape patterns,
there is still a need for quantifying these effects. This paper applies the fractal method to …

As researchers continue to evaluate fractal-based methods of analysis in ecology, a
common theme seems to arise as a valuable application: Estimating the fractal dimension or …

Broadly defined, scale has four meanings: the spatial extent of a study, its data or image
resolution, the spatial extent of a spatial process, and its representation through a map (Lam …

A fractal dimension (FD) indicates the ability of a set of structures to fill the Euclidean space
where it is embedded. For habitat boundaries, FD is bound to a plane, thus 1≤ FD≤ 2. FD …

The description and analysis of landscape patterns became a central research issue in
landscape ecology with the emergence of the pattern-process hypothesis (Turner and …

Habitat fragmentation produces isolated patches characterized by increased edge effects
from an originally continuous habitat. The shapes of these patches often show a high degree …

While ecologists are well aware that spatial heterogeneity is scale-dependent, a general
understanding of scaling relationships of spatial pattern is still lacking. One way to improve …

Landscape pattern is spatially correlated and scale-dependent. Thus, understanding
landscape structure and functioning requires multiscale information, and scaling functions …

Context Spatial heterogeneity is scale-dependent. Understanding the scaling rules of spatial
features across wide ranges of scale is a major challenge in landscape ecology. The lack of …

Ecologists have long recognized the importance of spatial and temporal patterns that
characterize heterogeneity in landscapes. However, despite the realization that inferences …