Macrophages are cells that mediate both innate and adaptive immunity reactions, playing a
major role in both physiological and pathological processes. Systemic SARS-CoV-2 …

Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
highjacks epithelial cells and infiltrates the lung, as well as other organs and tissues, is …

Abstract Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is a complex disorder caused by the
pandemic diffusion of a novel coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2. Clinical manifestations …

Cell death mechanisms are crucial to maintain an appropriate environment for the
functionality of healthy cells. However, during viral infections, dysregulation of these …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 6.3
million deaths to date. Despite great efforts to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory …

Abstract The COVID-19-, SARS-and MERS-related coronaviruses share many genomic and
structural similarities. However, the SARS-CoV-2 is less pathogenic than SARS-CoV and …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new viral disease that
has gained global attention owing to its ability to provoke community and health-care …

Since the end of 2019, a new, dangerous virus has caused the deaths of more than 3 million
people. Efforts to fight the disease remain multifaceted and include prophylactic strategies …

Cytokine storms are considered a driving factor in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
severity. However, the triggering and resolution of this cytokine production, as well as the …

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a highly pathogenic viral infection
threatening millions. The majority of the individuals infected are asymptomatic or mildly …