Abstract Purpose Three-dimensional (3D) virtual planning of reconstructive surgery, after
resection, is a frequently used method for improving accuracy and predictability. However …

Complex craniofacial surgery has been later to take advantage of computerized planning
than traditional maxillofacial procedures. Virtual reality, 3D model navigation, and …

Since the 1980s, systematic application of computer aided design and manufacturing in
health care has revolutionized diagnostic and interventional medicine. 1 The digital …

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) with computer-aided design and computer-aided modeling
(CAD/CAM) enables the opportunity to provide personalized medicine in complex head and …

Objectives 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) and guided surgery has been proven to be an
effective tool for resection and reconstruction of the mandible. Currently, most widely used …

The high surgical accuracy of an executed 3D virtual plan provides tumor margin control
during ablative surgery and the possibility of planned combined use of osseus free flaps and …

Objective Since reconstruction of composite defects in the head and neck region is a
challenging and demanding problem for head and neck surgeons, surgical aids have been …

Craniomaxillofacial reconstruction poses unique challenges due to the 3D configuration and
the importance to restore function (speech, mastication, swallowing, breathing, facial …

Objectives In case of surgical removal of oral squamous cell carcinomas, a resection of
mandibular bone is frequently part of the treatment. Nowadays, such resections frequently …

Communication between the surgeon, the pathologist and the radiation oncologist is
improved by a virtual model of the final resection combining 3D imaging with computer …