Highlights•Clinical picture generally manifests as “overlap syndrome” and leads to vicious
circle.•Early identification of rising cytokine storm and multilevel course of treatment is …

A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

Hyperinflammation is a key component of severe COVID-19, residing underneath the
cytokine storm umbrella term, associated with poor outcomes. Better understanding of the …

Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical
illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure …

COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes
only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as …

The generated impression early at the beginning of the pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 (also
called COVID-19) was that severe COVID-19 is due to a cytokine storm with the over …

COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading global threat that has been declared as a pandemic by the
WHO. COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets or direct contact and infects the respiratory tract …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in
the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; …

COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives during the last 3 years since initial cases were
reported in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 suffer from severe pneumonia …

The immune system protects the host organism from exogenous and endogenouspathogens
. A finely tuned and balanced array of cytokines, coagulation factors, andcomplement …