ABSTRACT A wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) is defined as a network of
wireless sensor devices in which all sensor devices are deployed completely underground …

The traditional networking builds on layered protocol architecture to isolate the complexities
in different layers. It has been realized that real-life wireless sensor networks (WSNs) must …

The traditional networking builds on layered protocol architecture to isolate the complexities
in different layers. It has been realized that real-life wireless sensor networks (WSNs) must …

There have been various researches regarding routing in wireless sensor networks for many
years, but underground wireless communication in complex environments like soil-air or …

Researchers have worked on routing issues for adhoc-networks, VANET's, and Wireless
Sensor Networks in a normal scenario; recently there has been a recent trend towards the …

The routing protocol which can meet the requirement of underground wireless sensor
network plays a decisive role in improving the monitoring quality and the survival time of …

This work introduces the concept of a Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN).
WUSNs can be used to monitor a variety of conditions, such as soil properties for agricultural …

Recently, most researches in the area of wireless sensor networks are limited to the ground
environment, so the demand for underground wireless sensor networks is increasing …

In recent years, with the rapid development of microelectronics technology, sensing
technology, and wireless communication technology, as an emerging technology, Wireless …

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) allow for continuous field monitoring
without interfering with aboveground activities, such as plowing or football games. Due to …