Substitution boxes are meant to enact nonlinear transformations of n-bit input streams to n-
bit output streams. A highly nonlinear essence of them is imperative to induce obligatory …

Modern block ciphers have been used to design security schemes to fulfil the security
requirements in different areas of applications. The substitution boxes, significant …

A metaheuristic approach based on the nature-inspired and well-known Grey Wolf
Optimization algorithm (GWO) was employed in this study to design an approach for …

As the unique nonlinear component of block ciphers, Substitution box (S‐box) directly affects
the safety of a cryptographic system. It is important and difficult to design strong S‐box that …

Symmetric encryption is appraised as one of the key ways in which end-to-end data transfer
security is guaranteed. To inject confusion in the substitution phase of the modern block …

Two basic requirements must be met to encrypt data. These requirements are confusion and
diffusion properties. In particular, block cipher algorithms are based on a cryptographic …

The substitution boxes are the only components in most of symmetric encryption systems
that induce nonlinearity to provide efficacious data confusion. The cryptographic potency of …

Cryptography deals with designing practical mathematical algorithms having the two
primitive elements of confusion and diffusion. The security of encrypted data is highly …

In this paper, we propose a new lightweight block cipher named RECTANGLE. The main
idea of the design of RECTANGLE is to allow lightweight and fast implementations using bit …

Substitution-boxes have significant role in block ciphers as they are the only component
which offers nonlinearity in the anticipated symmetric encryption systems. This paper …