The increasing insight into pathomechanisms of dysregulated host response in several
inflammatory diseases led to the implementation of the term “cytokine storm” in the literature …

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Sepsis is a severe clinical
syndrome related to the host response to infection. The severity of infections is due to an …

Cytokines are a diverse group of small molecule proteins or peptides that are secreted by
cells for the purpose of intercellular delivery signaling and communication, which play an …

Septic shock is mediated by complex interactions of cells, cytokines, and humoral pathways.
Clinical therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting selected pathways have been efficacious …

Immune cells secrete small protein molecules that aim for cell–cell communications. These
small molecules are called cytokines. Targeting cancer cells with administration of bispecific …

The term Bcytokine storm^ has been adopted in the past several decades as a phrase to
describe the aberrant production of soluble mediators and the accompanying …

Several randomized, placebocontrolled clini cal trials (RCTs) have been conducted over the
last 20 years enrolling more than 15,000 patients in total to evaluate the survival benefit …

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally been described as a collection of clinical
manifestations resulting from an overactivated immune system. Cytokine storms (CSs) are …

The enormous case-fatality rate of severe sepsis and septic shock has resulted in
considerable efforts being made towards understanding their complex mechanisms of …

Despite advances in the development of powerful antibiotics and intensive care unit, sepsis
is still life threatening and the mortality rate remains unchanged for the past three decades …