An increasing number of studies suggest that vector-borne parasites are able to alter
phenotypic traits in their arthropod vectors so that microorganism transmission is enhanced …

In recent years, awareness of coinfections has increased as synergistic or antagonistic
effects on interacting bacteria have been observed. To date, several reports on coinfections …

To identify hosts that may serve as European reservoirs for the agent of Lyme disease,
Borrelia burgdorferi, we determined whether nymphal Ixodes ricinus feed mainly on …

Background The population dynamics of vector-borne pathogens inside the arthropod vector
can have important consequences for vector-to-host transmission. Tick-borne spirochete …

Ixodes ricinus is an important vector of Borrelia burgdorferi in Europe, and small rodents
(Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus) are important sources for …

Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused
by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl.). Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is …

Use of emerging technology allowing for identification of genetic material from pathogens
and endosymbionts in ticks collected from humans, domestic animals, wildlife, or the …

Little is known about the effects of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that
causes Lyme disease, on its tick vectors. The purpose of this study was to determine the …

The presence of Ixodes ricinus and their associated Borrelia infections on large grazers was
investigated. Carcases of freshly shot red deer, mouflon and wild boar were examined for …

The field and laboratory evidence incriminating nymphal Ixodes dammini as the main
vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi is substantial. Furthermore, other members of the Ixodes …