Extensive evidence that personal experiences and environmental exposures are embedded
biologically (for better or for worse) and the cumulative knowledge of more than four …

Advances in biology are providing deeper insights into how early experiences are built into
the body with lasting effects on learning, behavior, and health. Numerous evaluations of …

Exposures to adverse environments, both psychosocial and physicochemical, are prevalent
and consequential across a broad range of childhood populations. Such adversity …

EXPOSURE TO ADVERSE Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including abuse, neglect,
household dysfunction, and other early life adversities, have been associated with negative …

Advances in science are fundamentally changing the way we understand how inextricable
interactions among genetic predispositions, physical and social environments, and …

This Technical Report was retired November 2021. Advances in fields of inquiry as diverse
as neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, developmental psychology, epidemiology …

Children who have experienced environmental adversity—such as abuse, neglect, or
poverty—are more likely to develop physical and mental health problems, perform poorly at …

Advances in a wide range of biological, behavioral, and social sciences are expanding our
understanding of how early environmental influences (the ecology) and genetic …

Exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with elevations in numerous physical and
mental health outcomes across the life course. The biological embedding of early …

In a previous Perspectives article, we described conceptual problems that pose challenges
for research on the effects of childhood adversity and offered promising directions for future …