Purpose: To assess and correlate the levels of inflammatory mediators in the eyes from non‐
diabetic and diabetic subjects without retinopathy (NDR), with non‐proliferative diabetic …

We measured interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the
vitreous humour and serum of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), in order …

To determine whether inflammatory cytokines are increased in proliferative diabetic
retinopathy. We measured concentrations of interleukin-6, 8 (IL-6, 8) and tumor necrosis …

Background: We conducted this study to elucidate the possible role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in
the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: Together with …

PURPOSE: The purpose was to assess the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and hypoxia
inducible factor (HIF)-1α transcription factors and the expression levels of inflammation …

Aims To determine the intra‐vitreous levels of two pro‐inflammatory cytokines [interleukin‐8
(IL‐8), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1)] and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine …

Aim There are changes in blood flow during the clinical stages of diabetic retinopathy with
increasing leukostasis and secondary elaboration of cytokines. This study evaluated the …

Background Vitreal interleukin (IL)-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-
α) and nitric oxide (NO) levels have previously been determined in patients with proliferative …

Purpose Evidence has accumulated suggesting that various inflammatory cytokines are
involved in the progress of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but there are few studies concerning …

Objective: Inflammatory reaction has been shown to involve the progress of type 2 (non-
insulin-dependent) diabetes. We, therefore, examined the effects of inflammatory cytokines …