Because the induction of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) is critical to antibacterial host defenses and
its excessive generation is a prominent component of sepsis, regulation of this …

Tapasin is a member of the MHC class I loading complex where it bridges the TAP peptide
transporter to class I molecules. The main role of tapasin is assumed to be the facilitation of …

Antimicrobial effector proteins are a key mechanism for the innate immune system to combat
pathogens once they infect the host. We report the identification and cloning of the mouse …

Previous studies have shown that engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 can
induce macrophages to express a variety of proinflammatory cytokines. We have recently …

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a crucial element of the
adaptive immune system, which translocates proteasomal degradation products into the …

STAT1 has a key role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by inducing
transcriptional changes in response to cytokines, such as all types of interferons (IFN) …

Immunoproteasome subunits low-molecular mass polypeptide (LMP) 2 and LMP7 affect Ag
presentation by MHC class I molecules. In the present study, we investigated the function of …

Alarmins are endogenous mediators capable of promoting the recruitment and activation of
antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs), that can potentially alert …

The goal of this study was to investigate how bacterial LPS affects macrophage
responsiveness to the activating factor IFN-γ. Pretreatment of macrophages with LPS for< 2 …

Macrophages can be polarized into classically (CAM) or alternatively (AAM) activated
macrophages with IFN-γ or IL-4, respectively. CAM are associated with type 1 immune …