Policy responses to balance the trade-offs between nature conservation and socioeconomic
development have recently come to the fore in Ghana–the world's second largest producer …

Sustainable intensification of cocoa systems should embrace, among others, poverty
alleviation and climate change policies. Using data from 710 households in Ghana, we …

The relevance of cocoa agroforestry is widely discussed in debates on sustainability
transition in cocoa, especially in the context of ending hunger and poverty among cocoa …

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) aims to transform and reorient farming systems to decrease
greenhouse gas emissions, boost adaptive capacity, and improve productivity while …

Forests are being lost at an alarming rate driven by the expansion of internationally traded
commodities. A number of companies have responded by pledging to remove deforestation …

This paper is intended to contribute to a data-led and evidence-based point in view to the
discussion around living income for cocoa farmers in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire–the largest …

In this teaching case study, students will be challenged to assume the role of a Ghanaian
cocoa farmer, Kojo. After losing his crop to a fungal infestation, Kojo must decide whether to …

Interventions and policies in the cocoa, tea and coffee sectors have failed to ensure that all
smallholder commodity farmers earn more than the $1.90 World Bank poverty line or a living …

To tackle the multiple challenges facing the cocoa sector, voluntary sustainability standards
and corporate initiatives, largely focusing on farm and farmer group scale, are often …

In cocoa farming forestland is a production factor. Cocoa planting is easiest and production
costs are lowest in tropical forest. Historically, therefore, once forestland has been …