In wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), due to the dynamic underground
channel characteristics and the heterogeneous network architecture, the connectivity …

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) using wirelessly-connected buried
sensors enable smart agriculture through real-time soil sensing, timely decision-making, and …

With continuous advancements in sensor technology, wireless communications, modern
network architectures and electronics; it is now feasible to fulfill the requirements of …

The production, productivity and safety of underground coal mines are greatly affected by
the environmental conditions of the mines. Hence, continuous monitoring of the complex …

The traditional networking builds on layered protocol architecture to isolate the complexities
in different layers. It has been realized that real-life wireless sensor networks (WSNs) must …

Wireless underground sensor networks are the new area of research. It is widely used in
many engineering applications, from smart irrigation to security and precision agriculture …

The study explores about the Wireless communication which is one of the most rapidly
evolving and active technology fields in the communication world. Wireless communication …

Over the recent years, several aquatic applications rely on promising networking techniques
like the underwater acoustic sensor network (UWSN) for data exchange. UWSN exhibits …

Sensor networks feature low-cost sensor devices with wireless network capability, limited
transmit power, resource constraints, and limited battery energy. Cooperative routing …

Nowadays, the exploitation of Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) remains
challenging because of the attenuation of wireless underground communications. This issue …