OBJECTIVE Gender disparities have demonstrated influence on several areas of medical
trainee academic performance and surgeon professional attainment. The impact of gender …

Background Gender disparities are prevalent in medicine, but their impact on surgical
training is not well studied. Objective To quantify gender disparities in trainee intraoperative …

Background Resident operative autonomy (ROA) is critical and a shared responsibility of
both faculty and residents during training. We hypothesize that there is a perception of …

Background Despite an increasing number of women in the field of surgery, bias regarding
cognitive or technical ability may continue to affect the experience of female trainees …

Objective Discrimination against women training in medicine and surgery has been
subjectively described for decades. This study objectively documents gender differences in …

Background Resident autonomy is essential to the development of a surgical resident. This
study aims to analyze gender differences in meaningful autonomy (MA) given to general …

Importance The need for trainee sex equality within surgical training has resulted in an
appraisal of the training experience in the New Zealand general surgery training program …

Objective Identify barriers to resident autonomy in today's educational environment as
perceived through 4 selected groups: senior surgical residents, teaching faculty, hospital …

Background Previous studies have shown men and women attending physicians rate or
provide operating room (OR) autonomy differently to men and women residents, with men …

Introduction We have previously shown that resident autonomy has decreased over time
overall for all surgery residents. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in …