COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The clinical
presentations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are widely variable and treatment strategies for …

COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading global threat that has been declared as a pandemic by the
WHO. COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets or direct contact and infects the respiratory tract …

A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the virus designated as severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread widely throughout the …

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the current world health concern,
presenting a public health dilemma with ascending morbidity and mortality rates exceeding …

The immune system protects the host organism from exogenous and endogenouspathogens
. A finely tuned and balanced array of cytokines, coagulation factors, andcomplement …

ABSTRACT COVID-19 has become a major pandemic in recent times. The exact
pathophysiology and understanding of cytokine storm and immunomodulation are evolving …

Although 80% of individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recover without antiviral treatments, the other 20% progress to …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
challenged medicine and health care on a global scale. Its impact and frightening mortality …