Development and application of EEAST: a life cycle based model for use of harvested rainwater and composting toilets in buildings

J Devkota, H Schlachter, C Anand, R Phillips… - Journal of Environmental …, 2013 - Elsevier
Harvested rainwater systems and composting toilets are expected to be an important part of
sustainable solutions in buildings. Yet, to this date, a model evaluating their economic and …

Life cycle based evaluation of harvested rainwater use in toilets and for irrigation

J Devkota, H Schlachter, D Apul - Journal of cleaner Production, 2015 - Elsevier
Harvested rainwater is an alternative water source for buildings, especially for non-potable
uses such as irrigation and toilet flushing. While rainwater harvesting is perceived as a …

Introducing demand to supply ratio as a new metric for understanding life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rainwater harvesting systems

JP Devkota, SJ Burian, H Tavakol-Davani… - Journal of Cleaner …, 2017 - Elsevier
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a decentralized approach to meet non-potable water supply
needs and stormwater management goals. Life cycle environmental impacts of RWH …

Economic and environmental analysis of standard, high efficiency, rainwater flushed, and composting toilets

C Anand, DS Apul - Journal of Environmental Management, 2011 - Elsevier
The current sanitation technology in developed countries is based on diluting human
excreta with large volumes of centrally provided potable water. This approach is a poor use …

Life cycle assessment of drinking water and rain water for toilets flushing

Crettaz, Jolliet, Cuanillon, Orlando - Aqua, 1999 - Wiley Online Library
Systems using rain water or reducing water consumption have been recently developed as
an alternative to conventional toilet flushing. This article aims to quantify the environmental …

Life cycle cost assessment of a rain water harvesting system for toilet flushing

SR Ghimire, DW Watkins Jr, K Li - Water Science and Technology …, 2012 - iwaponline.com
Rain water harvesting (RWH) has gained popularity as a way of supplementing water
supplies for various purposes, including drinking, sanitation and irrigation. This paper …

Environmental Impacts of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Urban Areas Applying Life Cycle Assessment—LCA

MP Silva, J González, BBF da Costa, C Garrido… - Eng, 2023 - mdpi.com
Climate change poses a series of challenges to water management to satisfy society's
current and future needs. Considering water an essential resource for life, this research is …

Rainwater harvesting systems reduce detergent use

MV Vargas-Parra, MR Rovira-Val, X Gabarrell… - … International Journal of …, 2019 - Springer
Purpose Due to population growth, urban water demand is expected to increase
significantly, as well as the environmental and economic costs required to supply it …

Life Cycle Assessment modelling of stormwater treatment systems

AD O'Sullivan, D Wicke, TJ Hengen… - Journal of environmental …, 2015 - Elsevier
Stormwater treatment technologies to manage runoff during rain events are primarily
designed to reduce flood risks, settle suspended solids and concurrently immobilise metals …

Life cycle assessment of a commercial rainwater harvesting system compared with a municipal water supply system

SR Ghimire, JM Johnston, WW Ingwersen… - Journal of Cleaner …, 2017 - Elsevier
Building upon previously published life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies, we
conducted an LCA of a commercial rainwater harvesting (RWH) system and compared it to a …