Chronic kidney disease represents a complex and multifaceted pathology characterized by
the presence of structural or functional renal anomalies associated with a persistent …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with all
forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The underlying pathological state is caused by a …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular
disease. Likewise cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in …

The complex interaction between heart and kidney disease has been increasingly
recognized over the recent years. Pathologies within these two organs frequently coexist …

The US National Institutes of Health have defined a biomarker as “a characteristic that is
objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes …

The intricate interplay between cardiovascular (CV) pathology and chronic kidney disease
(CKD) encompasses diagnostic protocols (both clinical and paraclinical), outcome …

Renal dysfunction (RD) in heart failure portends adverse outcomes and often limits
aggressive medical and decongestive therapies. Despite the high prevalence in this …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit an elevated cardiovascular risk
manifesting as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in patients with advanced chronic
kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have suggested that novel risk factors, uremia-or …

The close link between metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, and
cardiorenal disease can be attributed not only to direct risk factors, such as hypertension, but …