Abstract Interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) is an important cytokine in innate immunity and in the
induction phase of autoimmunity. We report the expression of IL‐18 mRNA and protein after …

The release of inflammatory mediators from immune and glial cells either in the peripheral or
CNS may have an important role in the development of physiopathological processes such …

The multifunctional cytokine interleukin 6 (IL‐6) has direct growth, survival and differentiation
effects on peripheral and central neurons. Furthermore, it can modulate the production by …

Nerve injury triggers numerous changes in the injured neurons and surrounding non‐
neuronal cells. Of particular interest are molecular signals that play a role in the overall …

Abstract Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a potent immunosuppressant cytokine which
downregulates MHC class II antigen expression and inflammatory cytokine production. In …

A rapid proinflammatory response after peripheral nerve injury is required for clearance of
tissue debris (Wallerian degeneration) and effective regeneration. Unlike the CNS, this …

Although reactive glia formation after neuronal degeneration or traumatic damage is one of
the hallmarks of central nervous system (CNS) injury, we have little information on the …

Background Recent in vivo and in vitro studies in non-neuronal and neuronal tissues have
shown that different pathways of macrophage activation result in cells with different …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acute phase protein coordinating the immune activities of liver cells,
macrophages, and lymphy.'In addition, IL-6 promotes fiber outgrowth in NGF-responsive …

This study examined the time course of mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines
interferon‐γ (IFNγ), interleukin‐1β (IL1β), interleukin‐12 (IL12; p40 subunit), and the …