Background Perivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled compartments that dilate in response
to many different conditions. A high burden of enlarged PVS (EPVS) in the centrum …

Neurovascular pathology concurs with protein accumulation, as the brain vasculature is
important for waste clearance. Interstitial solutes, such as amyloid-β, were previously …

Background The exchange of cerebrospinal (CSF) and interstitial fluid is believed to be vital
for waste clearance in the brain. The sleep-dependent glymphatic system, which is …

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has emerged as a potential risk factor for the development
of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic …

Background Cerebral edema forms immediately after blood flow interruption in ischemic
stroke, which largely increased the death and disability. The glymphatic (glial-lymphatic) …

The concept of the glial-vascular unit (GVU) was raised recently to emphasize the close
associations between brain cells and cerebral vessels, and their coordinated reactions to …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia, whilst
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder. These two …

The 'glymphatic'system is a brain-wide network of perivascular pathways that supports
exchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain interstitial fluid (ISF), contributing to the …

Brain edema is a severe stroke complication that is associated with prolonged
hospitalization and poor outcomes. Swollen tissues in the brain compromise cerebral …

Within the neurovascular unit (NVU), the blood–brain barrier (BBB) operates as a key
cerebrovascular interface, dynamically insulating the brain parenchyma from peripheral …