Recently, an astrocytic aquaporin 4-dependent drainage system, that is, the glymphatic
system, has been identified in the live murine and human brain. Growing evidence suggests …

Large vessel disease and carotid stenosis are key mechanisms contributing to vascular
cognitive impairment (VCI) and dementia. Our previous work, and that of others, using …

The brain is a complex system that requires continual regulation of parenchymal pressure,
osmolarity, and waste removal for optimal function; despite this, human brain lacks any …

The key to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is a thorough
understanding of their pathomechanism. Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are …

White matter hyperintensities as seen on brain T 2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
are associated with varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction in stroke, cerebral small vessel …

In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system
known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept …

Edema formation frequently complicates brain infarction, tumors, and trauma. Despite the
significant mortality of this condition, current treatment options are often ineffective or …

In contrast to virtually all organ systems of the body, the central nervous system was until
recently believed to be devoid of a lymphatic system. The demonstration of a complex …

The glymphatic pathway and meningeal lymphatic vessels are involved in clearance of
metabolic macromolecules from the brain. However, the functional interaction between the …

Recent human and animal model experimental studies revealed novel pathways for fluid
movement, immune cell trafficking and metabolic waste clearance in CNS. These studies …