In this study, we discuss a concept of shadowed sets and present their applications. To
establish some sound compromise between the qualitative Boolean (two‐valued) …

The core arguments used in various proofs of the extremal principle and its extensions as
well as in primal and dual characterizations of approximate stationarity and transversality of …

The main topic of this paper is the notion of relative cardinality for interval-valued fuzzy sets–
its definition, properties and computation. First we define relative cardinality for interval …

Nonadditivity is an essential property of the capacities defined on the sets of decision
criteria. Nonadditivity extends the additivity of traditional probability measures and enables …

The connection between fuzzy subsethood measures and fuzzy implications
straightforwardly follows from the definition of inclusion for (crisp) sets. In accordance with …

In this article, we tackle the problem of exploring the structure of the data which is underlying
a bipolar-valued outranking relation. More precisely, we show how the performances of …

Recently, the study of monometrics on betweenness relations has gathered impetus, with
their applications ranging from rationalisation of ranking rules to penalty-based aggregation …

Transit functions provide a unified approach to study notions of intervals, convexities, and
betweenness. Recently, their scope has been extended to certain set systems associated …

TOPSIS is a popular approach to creating rankings of alternatives characterized by multiple
criteria. Over the decades, numerous versions and modifications of the method have been …

Tools for decision making need to be simple to use. In previous papers, we advocated that
decision engineering needs to provide these tools, as well as a list of necessary properties …