Despite more than 1 million basic and clinical investigation reports on the mechanism and
clinical outcome of cardiovascular events, the pathogenesis of this multi factorial disease is …

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory and multifaceted disorder resulting from the accumulation
of lipid droplets and several types of immune cells, including macrophages, T and B …

The chronic inflammation process that characterises atherosclerosis involves both the innate
and adaptive arms of the immune system. Several lines of evidence have recently …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerosis the
principal factor underlying cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chronic
atherosclerosis induced vascular inflammation and perturbation of lipid metabolism is …

Chronic inflammation drives the development of atherosclerosis, and adaptive immunity is
deeply involved in this process. Initial studies attributed a pathogenic role to T cells in …

Coronary artery disease has remained a major health challenge despite enormous progress
in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Formation of atherosclerotic plaque is a …

Introduction: A large body of evidence supports the inflammatory hypothesis of
atherosclerosis, and both innate and adaptive immune responses play important roles in all …

Extensive research has been carried out to decipher the function of the adaptive immune
response in atherosclerosis, with the expectation that it will pave the road for the design of …

This review considers critically the evidence for the involvement of mediators of innate and
acquired immunity in various stages of atherosclerosis. Rapidly mobilized arms of innate …