Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the various cytokines in human
gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to investigate the changes in their levels during …

Bone remodeling is a complex process regulated by several mediators. Recent work has
revealed that cytokines and growth factors have significant effects on bone cell metabolism …

Various types of inflammatory mediators are involved in the cascade of biological events
behind tissue remodeling allowing orthodontic tooth movement. This split-mouth longitudinal …

Aim: To evaluate the levels of interleukin1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis
factor alpha (TNF-α) in the samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) taken from the late …

Objective. To study the expression of IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid
(GCF) of children, adolescents, and young adults with and without fixed orthodontic …

This review aimed to evaluate studies on cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
during orthodontic treatment, summarizing the regulation patterns of the most commonly …

Objective: To test whether interleukine 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) levels
differ from each other in different treatment levels. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients …

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of interlukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth …

Background Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is based on induction of periodontal tissue
remodeling. Mechanical tooth stimulation results in the release of pro-inflammatory …

Background: Orthodontic treatment induces a distortion of the extracellular matrix of the
periodontium, resulting in alterations in cytoskeletal configuration. Cytokines are known to …