There is accumulating evidence that vascular inflammation plays critical roles in
pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. It is widely accepted that both innate and adaptive …

Numerous clinical and laboratory data are now available supporting the hypothesis that the
renin–angiotensin system is mechanistically relevant in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process and both the innate and adaptive immune
systems 1 play central roles in its initiation and subsequent progression. 2 Experimental …

Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor activation as well as proinflammatory cytokines such as
interleukin-6 (IL-6) are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The …

Atherosclerosis, formerly considered a bland lipid storage disease, actually involves an
ongoing inflammatory response. Recent advances in basic science have established a …

Abstract Angiotensin‐II (AII), the dominant effector of the renin–angiotensin system, is
involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis …

Angiotensin II (Ang II), the most important component of the renin-angiotensin system, is
usually associated with hypertension and renal failure. Through its pro-inflammatory actions …

Hypertension is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, although the
mechanisms have not been well elucidated. As the cellular and molecular mechanisms of …

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL and experimental studies have revealed an association between
biochemical markers of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease such as …

Until recently, most envisaged atherosclerosis as a bland arterial collection of cholesterol,
complicated by smooth muscle cell accumulation. According to that concept, endothelial …