This chapter reviews the state of knowledge with respect to skeletal mechanobiology. Forms
of tissue-level mechanical stimulation are first described, including electromagnetic fields …

Skeletal loading is an important physiological regulator of bone mass. Theoretically,
mechanical forces or administration of drugs that activate bone mechanosensors would be a …

The skeleton has the ability to perfectly adapt to external forces of the operating
environment, by altering its morphology and metabolism in order to meet different needs …

Mechanotransduction in bone is fundamental to proper skeletal development. Deficiencies
in signaling mechanisms that transduce physical forces to effector cells can have severe …

Bone remodeling is the continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral by bone resorption
(activity of osteoclasts) and formation (activity of osteoblasts) in the adult skeleton. The …

The skeleton is subject to dynamic changes throughout life and bone remodeling is
essential for maintenance of bone functionality. The cell populations which predominantly …

Bone demonstrates a remarkable ability to renew itself, adapt its architecture, and repair
fractures to maintain strength throughout life. Mechanobiology, the study of how external …

Bone tissue has the capacity to adapt to its functional environment such that its morphology
is “optimized” for the mechanical demand. The adaptive nature of the skeleton poses an …

Bone is a dynamic tissue that adjusts its structure over time to adapt to changes in
mechanical load. This adaptive ability is critical to skeletal development and maintenance of …

Among the most important regulators of bone shape, strength, architecture, and overall
quality is the type, duration, and magnitude of mechanical loads that are placed on the …