Innate and adaptive immunity participate in and regulate numerous human diseases.
Increasing evidence implies that metabolic reprogramming mediates immune cell functional …

Exposing innate immune cells to an initial insult induces a long-term proinflammatory
response due to metabolic and epigenetic alterations which encompass an emerging new …

Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective
immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require …

Sites of ongoing inflammation and triggered immune responses are characterized by
significant changes in metabolic activity. Recent studies have indicated that such shifts in …

A controlled and self-limiting inflammatory reaction generally results in removal of the
injurious agent and repair of the damaged tissue. However, in chronic inflammation, immune …

Traditionally cellular respiration or metabolism has been viewed as catabolic and anabolic
pathways generating energy and biosynthetic precursors required for growth and general …

To engage in proliferation, cells need to increase their biomass and replicate their genome.
This process presents a substantial bioenergetic challenge: proliferating cells must increase …

Activation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) by pro-inflammatory stimuli causes
them to undergo a metabolic switch towards glycolysis and away from oxidative …

Recent findings show that the metabolic status of immune cells can determine immune
responses. Metabolic reprogramming between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative …

Energy metabolism maintains the activation of intracellular and intercellular signal
transduction, and plays a crucial role in immune response. Under environmental stimulation …