The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by systemic damage
to organs, including skeletal muscle, due to excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID‐19), affecting multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract …

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is accompanied by activated
immune-inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, which both induce indoleamine-2, 3 …

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has been lasting for more than one year and there is little
known about the long-term health effects of the disease. Long-COVID is a new term that is …

BACKGROUND Reprogramming of host metabolism supports viral pathogenesis by fueling
viral proliferation, by providing, for example, free amino acids and fatty acids as building …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far infected hundreds of million individuals,
with several million deaths worldwide. The lack of understanding of the disease …

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
triggers inflammatory clinical stages that affect the outcome of patients with coronavirus …

Critical COVID-19 disease is accompanied by depletion of plasma tryptophan (TRY) and
increases in indoleamine-dioxygenase (IDO)-stimulated production of neuroactive …

Background: Around 10% of people who had COVID-9 infection suffer from persistent
symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, arthralgia/myalgia, sleep disturbances …

Introduction: There is a significant imbalance in the generation of NAD/NADH+(niacin),
which affects chemical reactions in the intracellular environment in COVID-19 and yellow …