Hyper-induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm or cytokine
release syndrome (CRS), is one of the key aspects of the currently ongoing SARS-CoV-2 …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in
the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
challenged medicine and health care on a global scale. Its impact and frightening mortality …

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV
(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing major threat to global …

The cytokine storm following sepsis has been proven to be an important mechanism for
triggering acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is a fatal uncontrolled systemic …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis.
In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive …

Cytokine storm is a general term applied to maladaptive cytokine release in response to
infection and other stimuli. The pathogenesis is complex but includes loss of regulatory …

The newly emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, but …

Introduction: The mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently driven by
an injurious immune response characterized by the development of acute respiratory …