Under metabolic stress conditions such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, an increase in
the AMP: ATP ratio activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, resulting in …

In systemic lupus erythematosus, defective clearance of apoptotic debris and activation of
innate cells result in a chronically activated type 1 IFN response, which can be measured in …

Metformin has been designated as one of the most crucial first-line therapeutic agents in the
management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Primarily being an antihyperglycemic agent …

Significance: The complex etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the outcome of failures in
regulating immunity in combination with beta cell perturbations. Mitochondrial dysfunction in …

Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-
lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost. While metformin has …

A growing body of evidence is emerging to show that abdominal obesity, the metabolic
syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and microvascular diabetic …

Currently, metformin is the first-line medication to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in
most guidelines and is used daily by> 200 million patients. Surprisingly, the mechanisms …

Metformin, a well known antidiabetic agent that improves peripheral insulin sensitivity, also
elicits anti-inflammatory actions, but its mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated the …

Metformin is a plant-based drug belonging to the class of biguanides and is known to treat
type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The drug, combined with controlling blood glucose levels …

Obesity is reported to be a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Adipose tissue
macrophages play a key role in obesity-related inflammation. Metformin, the most widely …