Human and animal decisions are modulated by a variety of environmental and intrinsic
contexts. Here I consider computational factors that can affect decision making and review …

Reinforcement learning models that focus on the striatum and dopamine can predict the
choices of animals and people. Representations of reward expectation and of reward …

Decision making in an uncertain environment poses a conflict between the opposing
demands of gathering and exploiting information. In a classic illustration of this 'exploration …

The basal ganglia support learning to exploit decisions that have yielded positive outcomes
in the past. In contrast, limited evidence implicates the prefrontal cortex in the process of …

Involvement of dopamine in regulating exploration during decision-making has long been
hypothesized, but direct causal evidence in humans is still lacking. Here, we use a …

Current models of the basal ganglia and dopamine neurons emphasize their role in
reinforcement learning. However, the role of dopamine neurons in decision making is still …

Optimal behavior in a competitive world requires the flexibility to adapt decision strategies
based on recent outcomes. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that this flexibility …

Decisions occur in dynamic environments. In the framework of reinforcement learning, the
probability of performing an action is influenced by decision variables. Discrepancies …

An organism's survival depends on its ability to learn about its environment and to make
adaptive decisions in the service of achieving the best possible outcomes in that …

INTRODUCTION Research on the neurobiology of decision-making has emerged as a fertile
ground for integrating cognitive, systems, computational, and, more recently, circuit and …