In this paper, we study base station (BS) switching‐off and offloading for the next‐generation
5G‐heterogeneous (macro/femto) networks supplied with hybrid energy sources. This type …

Abstract 5G communication technologies are expected to provide high rate and low delay
services. To meet the requirements, more base stations (BS), including macrocell BS …

Base station (BS) sleeping in cellular networks has emerged as a promising solution for
more energy efficient communications, concomitant with lowering the network carbon …

Recently, base station (BS) sleeping has emerged as a viable conservation strategy for
energy efficient communication networks. Switching-off particular BS during low-traffic …

With the recent unprecedented growth in the wireless market, network operators are obliged
not only to find new techniques including dense deployment of base stations (BSs) in order …

For heterogeneous network, which has been viewed as one pioneering technology for
making cellular networks be evolved into 5G systems, reducing energy consumption by …

In the context of ever-increasing wireless data rates, energy consumption could increase
fast, with severe consequences on the operator's energy bill, in addition to environmental …

Cellular networks are optimized by targeting multiple objectives. Usually, the different
objectives are not coherent: minimizing the transmit power; the number of base station (BS) …

The energy consumption of the fifth generation (5G) of cellular technology is concerning for
the mobile industry and the entire society. To minimize the environmental footprint and …

In recent years, energy consumption in cellular networks has dramatically increased. That is
mainly due to the increase of network users and accordingly base stations (BSs). In this …