The emerging global economy is a source of both great promise and anxiety. Tariffs and
quotas have been reduced to historically low levels through various negotiating rounds …

Even though the economics community argues that governments which abstain from using
border measures to influence trade flows will be rewarded with rising national incomes …

Razeen Sally* I. THE GLOBAL CLIMATE FOR EXTERNAL LIBERALISATION There is less
appetite for further liberalisation and associated structural reforms now compared with the …

As a new nation, America relied on tariffs to fund its nascent government. 1 Seeing the tariff
as a tax, the Founders granted primary responsibility for ratesetting, and thus trade policy, to …

Through successive General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) rounds, extensive
unilateral liberalization and the liberalizing effects of global supply chains, international …

The political economy of international trade and trade policy–at both the domestic and
international levels–has spawned a vast literature from both economists and political …

An unusual feature of the contemporary debate about trade policy is its focus on regulation.
In the United States, regulatory policy has been politically controversial since its inception …

The politics of trade have never been straightforward. They have always been a complicated
balance between commercial, economic, political and consumer interests. In recent years …

Throughout history governments have applied import protection through many different
policy instruments. One extreme is an instrument that is widespread, simple, and relatively …

What are the prospects for further economic liberalization in the twentyfirst century? The
'Washington Consensus' attracts greater scepticism now than it did in the 1980s and 1990s …