[HTML][HTML] Severe COVID-19: what have we learned with the immunopathogenesis?

B Bordallo, M Bellas, AF Cortez, M Vieira… - Advances in …, 2020 - SciELO Brasil
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) has become a global major concern. In this review, we addressed a theoretical …

[HTML][HTML] Cytokine storm in COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and therapy

C Zanza, T Romenskaya, AC Manetti, F Franceschi… - Medicina, 2022 - mdpi.com
A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe?

F Yazdanpanah, MR Hamblin, N Rezaei - Life sciences, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract Aim Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel highly contagious infection
caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been became a global public health challenge. The …

Targeting pivotal inflammatory pathways in COVID-19: A mechanistic review

A Yarmohammadi, M Yarmohammadi, S Fakhri… - European journal of …, 2021 - Elsevier
As an emerging global health crisis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been
labeled a worldwide pandemic. Growing evidence is revealing further pathophysiological …

[HTML][HTML] Immunologic features in coronavirus disease 2019: functional exhaustion of T cells and cytokine storm

S Mahmoudi, M Rezaei, N Mansouri, M Marjani… - Journal of clinical …, 2020 - Springer
To the Editor: Since the emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, the …

The role of dysregulated immune responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis

S Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, P Zafari, E Masoumi… - Virus research, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic threat to global …

[HTML][HTML] Immune responses in mildly versus critically ill COVID-19 patients

H Nasrollahi, AG Talepoor, Z Saleh… - Frontiers in …, 2023 - frontiersin.org
The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had
devastating effects on the global health and economic system. The cellular and molecular …

[HTML][HTML] COVID-19: in the eye of the cytokine storm

R De la Rica, M Borges, M Gonzalez-Freire - Frontiers in immunology, 2020 - frontiersin.org
The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …

[HTML][HTML] Immune response, inflammation, and the clinical spectrum of COVID-19

LF García - Frontiers in immunology, 2020 - frontiersin.org
The current COVID-19 pandemic began in December 2019 in Wuhan (China) and rapidly
extended to become a global sanitary and economic emergency. Its etiological agent is the …

Hyperinflammation and immune response generation in COVID-19

KP Mishra, AK Singh, SB Singh - Neuroimmunomodulation, 2021 - karger.com
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. The …